Simulations Over Specimens: Rethinking Hands-On Science Learning in a Virtual World
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62596/eir.ws5bpf27Keywords:
Virtual Simulations, Science Education, Virtual LaboratoriesAbstract
This review examines the growing use of virtual simulations in science education as alternatives or complements to traditional hands-on experiments. Findings from recent studies indicate that virtual laboratories enhance conceptual understanding, engagement, accessibility, and flexibility while producing learning outcomes comparable to physical experiments. The evidence suggests that an effective science education approach should integrate both virtual and physical learning environments to maximize student achievement.
References
Bugarso, J. M. S., Cabantugan, R. E., Que-ann, D. T., & Malaco, A. C. (2021). Students’ learning experiences and preference in performing science experiments using hands-on and virtual laboratory. Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 1(2), 147–152.
Krüger, J. T., Höffler, T. N., Wahl, M., Knickmeier, K., & Parchmann, I. (2022). Two comparative studies of computer simulations and experiments as learning tools in school and out-of-school education. Instructional Science, 50(2), 169–197.
Navarro, C., Arias-Calderón, M., Henríquez, C. A., & Riquelme, P. (2024). Assessment of student and teacher perceptions on the use of virtual simulation in cell biology laboratory education. Education Sciences, 14(3), 243.
Papalazarou, N., Lefkos, I., & Fachantidis, N. (2024). The effect of physical and virtual inquiry-based experiments on students’ attitudes and learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 33(3), 349–364.
Tsirulnikov, D., Suart, C., Abdullah, R., Vulcu, F., & Mullarkey, C. E. (2023). Game on: Immersive virtual laboratory simulation improves student learning outcomes and motivation. FEBS Open Bio, 13(3), 396–407.
Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society: Education in the age of insecurity. Teachers College Press.
Mayer, R. E. (2014). Incorporating motivation into multimedia learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 171–173.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.
Selwyn, N. (2021). Education and technology: Key issues and debates. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY REVIEW

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.




